Video - Journey of Muhammad: Birth of Islam & Unification of Arabia

Summary of Muhammad and the Origins of Islam Muhammad ibn Abdullah was born around 570 CE in Mecca, in present-day Saudi Arabia. Orphaned at a young age, he was raised by his uncle and became a respected merchant. At the age of 40, Muhammad began receiving revelations from the angel Gabriel while meditating in the Cave of Hira. These revelations, which continued for 23 years, were later compiled into the Quran, the holy book of Islam. Muhammad's message emphasized monotheism, social justice, and moral integrity, challenging the polytheistic and tribal norms of Meccan society. Initially, he faced severe opposition and persecution. In 622 CE, Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina in an event known as the Hijra. This migration marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. In Medina, Muhammad established a Muslim community and gained followers. He united various tribes under Islam and, after a series of conflicts with the Meccan tribes, eventually conquered Mecca in 630 CE. Muhammad continued to spread the message of Islam until his death in 632 CE. Islam quickly expanded beyond the Arabian Peninsula, becoming a major world religion. Muhammad is regarded by Muslims as the final prophet, and his life and teachings are considered a model of piety and conduct. Islam's core beliefs include the Five Pillars: the declaration of faith, prayer, almsgiving, fasting during Ramadan, and the pilgrimage to Mecca.