Video - A Jornada Histórica da Índia

India, one of the world's oldest civilizations, is a land of diverse traditions and religions. The Indus Valley Civilization, which flourished around 2500 BCE, was known for its advanced urban planning. As the birthplace of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, India was home to significant figures like Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha. During the Maurya (322-185 BCE) and Gupta (c. 320-550 CE) empires, India experienced great advancements in art, science, and mathematics, often referred to as the "Golden Age." The Mughal era (1526-1857) brought cultural and architectural wealth, exemplified by the Taj Mahal. British colonization in the 18th century transformed India's social and economic landscape, culminating in the independence struggle led by Mahatma Gandhi. On August 15, 1947, India gained independence, followed by the partition creating Pakistan. On January 26, 1950, India became a republic with the adoption of its constitution.